These behaviors are seen in many children as they learn to read and write, and are not considered to be defining characteristics of dyslexia. A common myth closely associates dyslexia with mirror writing and reading letters or words backwards.
In early childhood, symptoms that correlate with a later diagnosis of dyslexia include delayed onset of speech and a lack of phonological awareness. Some believe that dyslexia is best considered as a different way of learning, with both benefits and downsides. It has even been suggested that the condition affects men and women equally. While dyslexia is more often diagnosed in boys, this is partly explained by a self-fulfilling referral bias among teachers and professionals. It affects 3–7% of the population however, up to 20% of the general population may have some degree of symptoms. Dyslexia is the most common learning disability and occurs in all areas of the world. Treatments targeting vision are not effective. While not curing the underlying problem, it may decrease the degree or impact of symptoms. Treatment involves adjusting teaching methods to meet the person's needs. Dyslexia is separate from reading difficulties caused by hearing or vision problems or by insufficient teaching or opportunity to learn. Dyslexia is diagnosed through a series of tests of memory, vision, spelling, and reading skills. The underlying mechanisms of dyslexia result from differences within the brain's language processing. Dyslexia that develops due to a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia is sometimes called "acquired dyslexia" or alexia. ĭyslexia is believed to be caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.
People with dyslexia have higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental language disorders, and difficulties with numbers. The difficulties are involuntary, and people with this disorder have a normal desire to learn. Often these difficulties are first noticed at school. Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads.
Different people are affected to different degrees. Hearing or vision problems, insufficient teaching ĭyslexia, also known until the 1960s as word blindness, is a disorder characterized by reading below the expected level for one's age. Series memory, spelling, vision, and reading test Family history, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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